Reviewer for computer networking fundamentals.
1
The OSI Model
Physical → Data Link → Network → Transport → Session → Presentation → Application
💡 Exam Hack
Mnemonic: "Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away" (layers 1→7).
2
IP Addressing
| Type | Example |
|---|---|
| IPv4 | 192.168.1.1 |
| IPv6 | longer 128-bit |
| Private | 192.168.x.x, 10.x.x.x |
3
Protocols
Key protocols: TCP (reliable), UDP (fast, no guarantee), HTTP/HTTPS (web), DNS (name resolution).
⚠️ Common Mistake
DNS translates domain names to IP addresses — it is not a security tool.
4
LAN vs WAN
LAN = local (one site) · WAN = wide (across cities, e.g., the Internet)
📌 Quick Recap — Master These
Before your exam, make sure you can confidently explain and apply each of the following:
- The OSI Model
- IP Addressing
- Protocols
- LAN vs WAN
Re-read any section above where you hesitate, then explain it aloud in your own words — if you can teach it simply, you understand it. Focus your final review on the tables, formulas, and the common-mistake warnings, since those are where most points are won or lost.