Reviewer for cybersecurity fundamentals.
The CIA Triad
| Principle | Means |
|---|---|
| Confidentiality | Only authorized access |
| Integrity | Data is accurate & unaltered |
| Availability | Systems are accessible when needed |
Every security control supports one or more of Confidentiality, Integrity, or Availability.
Common Threats
Know malware, phishing, ransomware, and social engineering. Phishing tricks users into revealing credentials.
The weakest link is usually the human — never share passwords or OTPs, and verify links before clicking.
Defenses
Use strong passwords, multi-factor authentication, encryption, firewalls, updates/patches, and regular backups.
Defense in Depth
Before your exam, make sure you can confidently explain and apply each of the following:
- The CIA Triad
- Common Threats
- Defenses
- Defense in Depth
Re-read any section above where you hesitate, then explain it aloud in your own words — if you can teach it simply, you understand it. Focus your final review on the tables, formulas, and the common-mistake warnings, since those are where most points are won or lost.