Reviewer for Oral Pathology in the Dentist Licensure Examination.
1
Dental Caries
Caries (tooth decay) is caused by acid from bacteria (mainly Streptococcus mutans) fermenting sugars, demineralizing enamel.
💡 Exam Hack
The caries process needs four factors: a tooth, bacteria, sugar, and time. Remove any one to prevent decay.
2
Periodontal Disease
| Stage | Description |
|---|---|
| Gingivitis | Reversible gum inflammation |
| Periodontitis | Bone loss, irreversible |
⚠️ Common Mistake
Gingivitis is reversible with good hygiene; once it advances to periodontitis with bone loss, the damage is permanent.
3
Common Oral Lesions
Recognize aphthous ulcers (canker sores), candidiasis (thrush), and leukoplakia (white patches that may be premalignant).
4
Caries Risk Factors
| Factor | Effect |
|---|---|
| Frequent sugar | Feeds acid-producing bacteria |
| Poor hygiene | Plaque buildup |
| Low fluoride | Weaker enamel |
| Dry mouth | Less protective saliva |
📌 Quick Recap — Master These
Before your exam, make sure you can confidently explain and apply each of the following:
- Dental Caries
- Periodontal Disease
- Common Oral Lesions
- Caries Risk Factors
Re-read any section above where you hesitate.