1. What is Psychology? 🧠
Psychology is the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. Kung saan meet ang biology, behavior, at consciousness!
Behavior
Observable actions (pagsalita, paggalaw, pagsulat, facial expressions)
Mental Processes
Thinking, feeling, perceiving, remembering (hindi nakikita pero nararanasan)
2. Goals of Psychology 🎯
Ang 4 main goals ng psychology sa pag-study ng human behavior:
| Goal | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Describe | Observe at mag-record ng behavior | "Ang mga adolescents ay nag-post ng selfies sa social media" |
| 2. Explain | Hanapin ang reasons WHY | "Kasi gusto nila ng validation at social connection" |
| 3. Predict | Mag-forecast ng future behavior | "Kung stressed sila, mas maraming posts" (if-then) |
| 4. Control/Change | Mag-intervene para i-modify ang behavior | Therapy, counseling, coaching para mag-change |
3. Perspectives in Psychology 👁️
Maraming paraan ng pag-view sa psychological phenomena:
🧬 Biological Perspective
Focus sa brain, genes, neurotransmitters. Nangangahulugan: behavior ay rooted sa biology!
⚙️ Cognitive Perspective
Focus sa thinking, perception, memory. "Mind as computer" - information processing kaya behavior.
🎭 Behavioral Perspective
Focus sa observable behavior, stimuli, at responses. "What you see is what you get!"
❤️ Humanistic Perspective
Focus sa personal growth, self-actualization, at free will. Ikaw ang may kontrol sa buhay mo!
🌍 Sociocultural Perspective
Focus sa culture, society, relationships. Behavior ay shaped ng social environment.
4. Subfields of Psychology 🔬
Psychology ay may maraming specializations - ito ang ilan sa pinaka-importante:
| Subfield | Focus Area | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical | Mental health, therapy, abnormal behavior | Treating depression, anxiety, schizophrenia |
| Developmental | Growth throughout life stages | Child development, adolescence, aging |
| Cognitive | Memory, learning, thinking, problem-solving | How we learn, how we remember, decision-making |
| Social | Behavior in groups, relationships, influence | Conformity, bullying, leadership, prejudice |
| Industrial-Organizational | Workplace behavior, job performance | Employee motivation, team dynamics, leadership |
5. The Biopsychosocial Model 🔀
Psychology hindi lang biological o psychological - kailangan ng holistic approach!
🧬 Biological
Brain structure, hormones, genetics, health, neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine)
🧠 Psychological
Thoughts, emotions, beliefs, coping skills, personality, past experiences
👥 Social
Family relationships, culture, socioeconomic status, social support, environment
Example: Depression ay hindi lang chemical imbalance. Kailangan consider ang trauma (psychological), family history (biological), at isolation (social)!
6. Research Methods in Psychology 📋
Paano ang psychologists ay nag-conduct ng ethical at scientific research:
| Method | Description | Strength & Weakness |
|---|---|---|
| Experiment | Controlled study with IV & DV manipulation | ✅ Cause-effect clear ❌ Artificial setting |
| Survey | Questionnaire to many people | ✅ Large sample ❌ Not cause-effect |
| Correlation | Relationship between two variables | ✅ Real-world ❌ No cause-effect (correlation ≠ causation!) |
| Case Study | In-depth study ng 1 person/group | ✅ Detailed ❌ Cannot generalize |
| Observation | Watch behavior in natural setting | ✅ Natural behavior ❌ Observer bias |
7. Board Exam Tips & Practice Questions 📚
Common Exam Questions & Answers
Q1: What is the main difference between behavior and mental processes?
A: Behavior is observable (pagsasalita, paggalaw). Mental processes ay hindi directly observable (thinking, feeling, believing). Psychology studies BOTH!
Q2: Why is the biopsychosocial model important in modern psychology?
A: Because it recognizes na behavior ay result ng combination ng biological factors, psychological processes, AND social environment. Hindi one-dimensional!
Q3: Correlation does not imply causation. Explain with an example.
A: Just because two variables are correlated doesn't mean one causes the other. Example: Ice cream sales correlate with drowning deaths (both happen in summer - third variable = warm weather!)
Q4: What makes an experiment different from other research methods?
A: Experiments use experimental (manipulated) and control groups, allowing researchers to establish cause-effect relationships. Other methods can't do this as clearly.
Q5: Which perspective emphasizes that behavior is learned through rewards and punishments?
A: The BEHAVIORAL perspective. Classical conditioning (Pavlov), operant conditioning (Skinner) - behavior shaped by consequences!
Q6: What is self-actualization in the humanistic perspective?
A: Reaching your full potential, becoming the best version of yourself. Focus sa personal growth at fulfillment, not just treating problems!
💪 Beshy Challenge
Pagkatapos ng lesson na ito, try mo na mag-attempt ng 5-10 questions sa quiz mode!
Remember: Psychology is about understanding people - including yourself! 🧠✨