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Fundamentals of Nursing (ADPIE & Beyond)

The core of nursing practice: Nursing Process, Vital Signs, Ethics, and Patient Safety.

The Nursing Process (ADPIE)

The nursing process is a systematic, rational method of planning and providing individualized nursing care.

1. Assessment

Collection of data. Subjective (what the patient says) vs Objective (what you observe/measure).

2. Diagnosis

Identifying health problems. Uses NANDA-I taxonomy. Focused on human response to illness.

3. Planning

Setting SMART goals (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Time-bound).

4. Implementation

Carrying out the nursing interventions. Monitoring for complications.

5. Evaluation

Determining if goals were met. If not, re-assess and modify the plan.

Vital Signs Normals (Adult)

Temp36.5-37.5°C
Pulse60-100 bpm
Resp12-20 cpm
BP<120/80

🩺 Beshy Tip!

Pagdating sa prioritization (Sino ang uunahin?), laging tandaan ang ABC: Airway, Breathing, and Circulation. Pero kung may Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Physiological needs muna bago Safety!

Beshy Tips

1. The Nursing Process (ADPIE) 🔄

This is the scientific method of nursing. Bawal mag-shortcut! Always follow the steps.

💡 ADPIE Mnemonic

  • Assessment: Gathering data (Subjective & Objective). The first and most critical step!
  • Diagnosis: Identifying the problem (NANDA format).
  • Planning: Setting SMART goals (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time-bound).
  • Implementation: Doing the nursing interventions.
  • Evaluation: Checking if goals were met.

2. Vital Signs Assessment 🌡️

Know your normal values! These are the baseline for detecting changes in patient condition.

Vital Sign Normal Range (Adult) Key Notes
Temperature 36.5 - 37.5 °C Pyrexia (Fever) > 37.5°C. Hypothermia < 36.5°C
Pulse Rate 60 - 100 bpm Tachycardia > 100. Bradycardia < 60. Apical pulse is most accurate.
Respiratory Rate 12 - 20 cpm Tachypnea > 20. Bradypnea < 12. Assess for depth and rhythm.
Blood Pressure < 120/80 mmHg Hypertension ≥ 140/90. Hypotension < 90/60.
Oxygen Saturation 95 - 100% Hypoxia < 90%. Check nail beds and capillary refill.

3. Drug Administration Rights 💊

Patient Safety First! Never administer meds without checking the rights.

✅ The Golden Rights

  • 1. Right Patient (Name & DOB)
  • 2. Right Medication (Check label 3x)
  • 3. Right Dose (Calculate carefully)
  • 4. Right Route (PO, IV, IM, etc.)
  • 5. Right Time (Frequency)
  • 6. Right Documentation
  • 7. Right Reason
  • 8. Right Response

Beshy Tips

1. The Nursing Process (ADPIE) 🔄

This is the scientific method of nursing. Bawal mag-shortcut! Always follow the steps.

💡 ADPIE Mnemonic

  • Assessment: Gathering data (Subjective & Objective). The first and most critical step!
  • Diagnosis: Identifying the problem (NANDA format).
  • Planning: Setting SMART goals (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time-bound).
  • Implementation: Doing the nursing interventions.
  • Evaluation: Checking if goals were met.

2. Vital Signs Assessment 🌡️

Know your normal values! These are the baseline for detecting changes in patient condition.

Vital Sign Normal Range (Adult) Key Notes
Temperature 36.5 - 37.5 °C Pyrexia (Fever) > 37.5°C. Hypothermia < 36.5°C
Pulse Rate 60 - 100 bpm Tachycardia > 100. Bradycardia < 60. Apical pulse is most accurate.
Respiratory Rate 12 - 20 cpm Tachypnea > 20. Bradypnea < 12. Assess for depth and rhythm.
Blood Pressure < 120/80 mmHg Hypertension ≥ 140/90. Hypotension < 90/60.
Oxygen Saturation 95 - 100% Hypoxia < 90%. Check nail beds and capillary refill.

3. Drug Administration Rights 💊

Patient Safety First! Never administer meds without checking the rights.

✅ The Golden Rights

  • 1. Right Patient (Name & DOB)
  • 2. Right Medication (Check label 3x)
  • 3. Right Dose (Calculate carefully)
  • 4. Right Route (PO, IV, IM, etc.)
  • 5. Right Time (Frequency)
  • 6. Right Documentation
  • 7. Right Reason
  • 8. Right Response

Beshy Tips

1. The Nursing Process (ADPIE) 🔄

This is the scientific method of nursing. Bawal mag-shortcut! Always follow the steps.

💡 ADPIE Mnemonic

  • Assessment: Gathering data (Subjective & Objective). The first and most critical step!
  • Diagnosis: Identifying the problem (NANDA format).
  • Planning: Setting SMART goals (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time-bound).
  • Implementation: Doing the nursing interventions.
  • Evaluation: Checking if goals were met.

2. Vital Signs Assessment 🌡️

Know your normal values! These are the baseline for detecting changes in patient condition.

Vital Sign Normal Range (Adult) Key Notes
Temperature 36.5 - 37.5 °C Pyrexia (Fever) > 37.5°C. Hypothermia < 36.5°C
Pulse Rate 60 - 100 bpm Tachycardia > 100. Bradycardia < 60. Apical pulse is most accurate.
Respiratory Rate 12 - 20 cpm Tachypnea > 20. Bradypnea < 12. Assess for depth and rhythm.
Blood Pressure < 120/80 mmHg Hypertension ≥ 140/90. Hypotension < 90/60.
Oxygen Saturation 95 - 100% Hypoxia < 90%. Check nail beds and capillary refill.

3. Drug Administration Rights 💊

Patient Safety First! Never administer meds without checking the rights.

✅ The Golden Rights

  • 1. Right Patient (Name & DOB)
  • 2. Right Medication (Check label 3x)
  • 3. Right Dose (Calculate carefully)
  • 4. Right Route (PO, IV, IM, etc.)
  • 5. Right Time (Frequency)
  • 6. Right Documentation
  • 7. Right Reason
  • 8. Right Response

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