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Science

Comprehensive 15-module guide covering Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Earth Science for college entrance exams.

01

Biology: Cell Structure & Energy

The cell is the basic unit of life. Understanding organelles and how they process energy (Photosynthesis & Respiration) is high-yield for UPCAT and USTET.

OrganelleFunctionKeyword
NucleusContains genetic material (DNA)Control Center
MitochondriaSite of ATP (Energy) productionPowerhouse
RibosomesSite of Protein SynthesisFactory
ChloroplastSite of Photosynthesis (Plants)Solar Panel
🚀 PR Hack: Energy Flow

Photosynthesis: CO² + H²O + Light → Glucose + O²
Respiration: Glucose + O² → ATP + CO² + H²O. They are opposites!

02

Biology: Genetics & DNA

Master the Mendelian genetics and the structure of the DNA molecule.

Phenotype

Physical appearance (e.g., Tall, Blue eyes).

Genotype

Genetic makeup (e.g., TT, Tt, tt).

⚠️ THE BASE-PAIR TRAP

In DNA: A pairs with T, and C pairs with G.
In RNA: A pairs with U (Uracil replaces Thymine)!

03

Biology: Human Anatomy & Systems

Focus on the core functions of major organ systems.

  • 1
    Circulatory: Transport of nutrients and oxygen. (Heart, Blood)
  • 2
    Endocrine: Regulation via hormones. (Pituitary, Thyroid)
  • 3
    Nervous: Rapid response to stimuli. (Brain, Neurons)
04

Biology: Ecology & Ecosystems

The study of interactions between organisms and their environment.

Symbiotic Relationships

  • Mutualism: Both benefit (+/+)
  • Commensalism: One benefits, one unaffected (+/0)
  • Parasitism: One benefits, one harmed (+/-)
05

Chemistry: Atoms & Periodicity

Understanding the building blocks of matter.

Mass Number = Protons + Neutrons
Atomic Number = Protons
🚀 PR Hack: Trend Tracking

Electronegativity and Ionization Energy increase as you move UP and RIGHT on the Periodic Table (Fluorine is king!).

06

Chemistry: Chemical Bonding

Ionic Bond

Transfer of electrons. (Metal + Non-metal)

Covalent Bond

Sharing of electrons. (Non-metal + Non-metal)

07

Chemistry: Stoichiometry & Gases

Calculations using balanced chemical equations.

PV = nRT (Ideal Gas Law)
STP: Standard Temp (273K) and Pressure (1 atm).
1 mole of gas at STP = 22.4 Liters.
08

Chemistry: Acids, Bases & pH

The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.

  • 1
    Acids (pH < 7): Sour, turns blue litmus RED.
  • 2
    Bases (pH > 7): Bitter, turns red litmus BLUE.
  • 3
    Neutral (pH = 7): Pure water.
09

Physics: Motion (Kinematics)

Studying objects in motion.

v = d / t
a = (v_final - v_initial) / t
🚀 PR Hack: Free Fall

In a vacuum, all objects fall at the same rate: g ≈ 9.8 m/s². Weight doesn't matter!

10

Physics: Newton's Laws of Motion

LawConcept
InertiaObjects resist change in motion.
AccelerationF = ma (Force = Mass × Accel)
InteractionAction = Reaction (Equal and Opposite)
11

Physics: Energy, Work & Power

Kinetic Energy

KE = ½mv²

Potential Energy

PE = mgh

Work = Force × Distance

12

Physics: Electricity (Ohm's Law)

V = I × R

V = Voltage (Volts), I = Current (Amperes), R = Resistance (Ohms).

13

Earth Science: Plate Tectonics

The Earth's crust is divided into plates that move.

  • 1
    Convergent: Plates collide (Mountains, Volcanoes).
  • 2
    Divergent: Plates pull apart (Rift valleys, Oceans).
  • 3
    Transform: Plates slide past (Earthquakes).
14

Earth Science: Atmosphere & Weather

Layers of the Atmosphere (Bottom to Top):

1. Troposphere (Weather occurs here)
2. Stratosphere (Ozone layer)
3. Mesosphere (Coldest layer)
4. Thermosphere (Ionosphere)
5. Exosphere (Transition to space)
15

Earth Science: Astronomy Essentials

Focus on Earth's position and the Solar System.

Rotation: Earth spinning on axis (24h) → Causes Day/Night.
Revolution: Earth orbiting the Sun (365 days) → Causes Seasons (along with Tilt).

Scientific Mind 🧪

You've mastered the laws of nature for your college entrance exams.

YOU GOT THIS!